Using a ~/.pdbrc File to Customize the Python Debugger

You can customize the Python debugger (PDB) by creating custom aliases within a .pdbrc file in your home directory. Read on to learn how.

Understanding FSMs by Building One From Scratch

After having worked with the transitions library for a while, Bob wondered how Finite State Machines work under the hood. This article shows you how he built one from scratch, modelling GitHub pull requests.

pandas vs Polars: Backed by a 10 Million Row Study

A benchmark study of 10M rows comparing Pandas vs. Polars. Explore the architectural shifts, lazy execution, and Rust-based speed of modern data tools.

Garbage Collection: From First Principles to Modern GC in Java, Go and Python

Cutting Python Web App Memory Over 31%

Timesliced Reservoir Sampling for Profilers

Reservoir sampling lets you pick a sample from an unlimited stream of events; learn how it works, and a new variant useful for profilers.

Comparing Portable DataFrame Tools in Python

This article explores three tools for DataFrame portability in Python: Ibis, Narwhals, and Fugue. Learn when to use each to write code that runs across multiple backends.

Gotchas With SQLite in Production

What you need to know before putting a Django project that uses SQLite in production. This is part 5 of a series that includes information on write-ahead logging, locking errors, performance, and more.

Smello for HTTP Requests

Roman built Smello, an open-source tool that captures outgoing HTTP requests from your Python code and displays them in a local web dashboard. Learn why he did it and how he uses it to debug API access.

Making Friendly Classes

What’s a friendly class? One that accepts sensible arguments, has a nice string representation, and supports equality checks. Read on to learn how to write them.

Comparing Python Type Checkers: Typing Spec Conformance

Python 3.15’s JIT is now back on track

Avoiding empty strings in non-nullable Django string-based model fields

Django silently converts None values in non-nullable string fields into empty strings, but a simple CheckConstraint can enforce truly required values and prevent empty data from slipping into your database.

Caching an Asyncio Function the Easy Way

Caching an async function is trickier than expected, this article walks through why that is and how to use Asyncio primitives to solve the problem.

Comparing PDF Table Extraction Tools

This article explores three Python tools for PDF table extraction: Docling, Marker, and LlamaParse. Learn which handles merged cells and multi-level headers best.

The Optimization Ladder

Python loses every public benchmark by 21-875x. Cemrehan took the exact problems people use to dunk on Python and climbed every rung of the optimization ladder: from CPython version upgrades to Rust. Real numbers, real code, real effort costs.

Avoiding empty strings in non-nullable Django string-based model fields

Django silently converts None values in non-nullable string fields into empty strings, but a simple CheckConstraint can enforce truly required values and prevent empty data from slipping into your database.

Comparing Python packages for A/B test analysis (with code examples)

Okmain: you have an image but you want a colour

DeepSeek-V3 Model: Theory, Config, and Rotary Positional Embeddings